Shamsalsadat Zahedi
Abstract
The university is a fundamental institution that plays the most effective role in the development process of any country, as its services and outputs form the input for other existing systems within society. The university is a place of skepticism, questioning attitudes, policies, behaviors, and the ...
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The university is a fundamental institution that plays the most effective role in the development process of any country, as its services and outputs form the input for other existing systems within society. The university is a place of skepticism, questioning attitudes, policies, behaviors, and the functions of all components of society. In this context, observation, inquiry, and the demand for justice is not only a right but also a duty and responsibility of the university. It is evident that the proper fulfillment of these duties relies on the preservation of university independence. Being politicized and becoming a tool in the hands of politicians is not in the interest of universities and knowledge seekers.Universities are obligated to implement necessary changes in their visions, structures, and behaviors amidst the fast-changing world that surrounds us. In this regard, the most important role falls to university professors, who must endeavor to manage themselves properly, enhance their knowledge and update their expertise, adhere deeply to human and ethical principles, and then teach their students the ways of being human and humane, striving to cultivate human resources that align with developmental goals. The author has nearly five decades of academic service experience. During this time, gaining an understanding of the university environment, becoming familiar with its atmosphere, being aware of the spirit and mindset of students, and observing the positive and negative behaviors of other instructors and professors has provided the author with an excellent opportunity to learn about the proper methods and demeanor of teaching.
Habib Roodsaz; Alireza Koushki Jahromi; Niloufar Mozafari
Abstract
In contemporary administrative and governance systems, the phenomenon of "Managerial entrenchment" is known as one of the hidden but effective challenges to the inefficiency of public organizations. This phenomenon occurs when managers, especially at senior levels, use organizational influence, political ...
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In contemporary administrative and governance systems, the phenomenon of "Managerial entrenchment" is known as one of the hidden but effective challenges to the inefficiency of public organizations. This phenomenon occurs when managers, especially at senior levels, use organizational influence, political relations, and exclusive expertise to achieve a position where their dismissal or improvement of performance becomes difficult. The aim of the present study is to identify, classify, and analyze the phenomenon of managerial entrenchment in the public sector using the meta-synthesis method. In this study, by systematically reviewing and analyzing 30 articles in the fields of public management, policymaking, and organizational psychology, 46 conceptual codes were extracted and categorized into three main axes: influential factors, consequences, and solutions. The findings of the study showed that the factors of managerial entrenchment can be explained in three categories: cognitive, structural, and behavioral-political; The consequences were identified in four categories: reduced organizational efficiency, damage to public governance, resistance to reforms, and political-structural effects; and the strategies to reduce the effects of manager consolidation were also categorized into three categories: reforming governance structures, behavioral-technological interventions, and developing innovative strategies. In light of these findings, the present study points to the need to adopt preventive and corrective approaches to deal with the phenomenon of manager consolidation in public organizations in order to improve performance, strengthen public governance, and facilitate structural reforms.
Mohamadreza Molayari; Hamidreza Malek Mohammadi; Kiomars Ashtarian; Ehsan Soltanifar
Abstract
Given the persistent challenge of institutional misalignment, the dispersion of decision-making centers, and the disconnection between policy-making and implementation layers, a fundamental reconfiguration of the institutional architecture governing Iran’s foreign trade is deemed imperative. This ...
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Given the persistent challenge of institutional misalignment, the dispersion of decision-making centers, and the disconnection between policy-making and implementation layers, a fundamental reconfiguration of the institutional architecture governing Iran’s foreign trade is deemed imperative. This study aims to comparatively evaluate four institutional models the Specialized Ministry of Commerce, the Merged Ministry of Industry, Mining, and Trade (IMT Ministry), the Supreme Council for Non-Oil Exports, and the Upgrading of the Trade Promotion Organization (TPO) through a mixed-methods approach integrating qualitative and quantitative findings. In the qualitative phase, data from semi-structured interviews with experts were analyzed thematically, and the narratives and arguments of both proponents and opponents of each model were categorized into coherent conceptual themes. Based on these results, key governance indicators were formulated to design the quantitative questionnaire. Quantitative data, collected from domain experts, were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test. Findings indicate that the “Specialized Ministry of Commerce” and the “Upgraded TPO” exhibit statistically significant advantages over the other two models in institutional agility, economic diplomacy capacity, and reduction of the policy–implementation gap. The reliability index (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.927) reflected excellent internal consistency of the measurement tool. TOPSIS ranking placed the Specialized Ministry of Commerce at the top position. Integrated analysis suggests that prioritizing institutional authority, mission coherence, and unified leadership favors the Specialized Ministry of Commerce, whereas emphasizing flexibility, rapid adaptability to environmental changes, and innovation highlights the Upgraded TPO as the superior option. In both scenarios, maintaining the coordinating role of the Supreme Council for Non-Oil Exports is strongly recommended.
Seyyed Mojtaba Hashemi; Maliheh Rabiei Goransarab; Niloufar Mozafari; Jamour Hossein
Abstract
State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Iran have consistently been a focal point of public financial policymaking due to their substantial share in the general budget's resources and expenditures. This research aims to analyze the budgetary provisions concerning these SOEs through the lens of transparency, ...
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State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Iran have consistently been a focal point of public financial policymaking due to their substantial share in the general budget's resources and expenditures. This research aims to analyze the budgetary provisions concerning these SOEs through the lens of transparency, utilizing a four-component model: Decision-Making System, Implementation and Participatory Process, Financial Information, and Performance Monitoring and Oversight. The study scrutinizes 86 provisions found in the annual Budget Laws for the years 1402 (49 provisions), 1403 (19 provisions), and 1404 (18 provisions).The research employs an Exploratory Mixed-Methods strategy. The qualitative phase used content analysis to deconstruct the budgetary provisions. The quantitative phase validated the findings through a three-option questionnaire distributed among 66 budgetary experts.Findings reveal that the budgetary provisions for SOEs lack sufficient transparency. The most significant challenges were observed in the components of Transparency in Financial Information and Performance Monitoring and Oversight. For instance, the monitoring and enforcement component was absent in 15 provisions of the 1402 Budget Law. The 1403 Budget Law contained the highest proportion of "almost transparent" provisions, whereas some provisions in the 1404 Budget Law were deemed "completely non-transparent" or "lacking sufficient transparency."To enhance transparency, five key policy recommendations are proposed: 1. Mandating public disclosure of financial and executive information, 2. Formulating clear implementing regulations, 3. Institutionalizing a regular reporting system, 4. Redesigning transparent financial mechanisms, and 5. Strengthening the oversight role through system integration. These reforms are vital for improving financial governance and increasing accountability in this critical sector.
Mohammad Mahdi Sadeghi Asl; Syed Ahmed Hosseini
Abstract
Social media is known as an effective element in different political and social dimensions. For this reason, the aim of this research was to investigate the impact of social media in the development of human management and organizational transformation in the municipality. The current research method ...
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Social media is known as an effective element in different political and social dimensions. For this reason, the aim of this research was to investigate the impact of social media in the development of human management and organizational transformation in the municipality. The current research method according to the paradigm is positivist, according to the goal, applied and inductive, according to the type of data, quantitative and according to the data collection method, field and according to the nature and method of the research, descriptive-correlation and According to the research tool, it is a questionnaire and the research was carried out cross-sectionally. The statistical population of this research was all managers and employees of the 11th district of Tehran; 260 samples were selected using stratified method. The analysis of the model was investigated using the method of structural equations and correlation test, and the results showed that the model presented for the research was able to predict the relationship between the three variables. Also, the results of the correlation analysis indicated the existence of a strong and positive significant relationship between the existing components and sub-components, and it was found that social media has a significant relationship with the development components of human resources management and organizational transformation. It is suggested that according to the obtained results, Tehran municipality should use the influence of social media to advance its goals in areas such as human resource management and organizational transformation.
Reza Vaezi; Hossein Joharipour; Mohammad khanbashi; Alihossein Noorafrooz; Ali Ranjbar Ferdos
Abstract
Research in the field of public services can have a significant impact on better decision-making by governmental authorities to enhance the quality of services at the public level. The objective of current research is to study published research in the field of public services using both scientometric ...
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Research in the field of public services can have a significant impact on better decision-making by governmental authorities to enhance the quality of services at the public level. The objective of current research is to study published research in the field of public services using both scientometric and altmetric approaches to provide a comprehensive understanding of the trends, researchers, and perspectives of research in this field, thus offering valuable insights for researchers and policymakers. Therefore, all studies in this area were searched and retrieved from the Web of Science citation database. Using visualization and data mining softwares, the evoluation of this area was examined and analyzed. The results indicate that publications in this field, which began in the 1950s, show an increasing trend, with many universities from various countries, especially the United States, England, Australia, Spain, and China, participating in the development of the area. Journals in the field of public administration have shown significant influence in this regard. Mapping the knowledge of this field indicated that predominant keywords were mostly around concepts such as public services, motivation for public services, public sector, news and social media, public management, public value, public governance, local governance, innovation, and sustainability.
