نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه مدیریت دولتی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی
2 دانشجوی دکترای مدیریت دولتی.خط مشی گذاری عمومی.دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری.دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف تبیین و نظام مند سازی گفتمان خط مشی انجام شده است؛ حوزه ای که پس از چرخش استدلالی و گسترش رویکردهای تفسیری، به یکی از جریان های اصلی تحلیل خط مشی تبدیل شده است. با وجود ظرفیت های گسترده رویکردهای گفتمانی همچون تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی، روایت محوری در خط مشی و نهاد گرایی گفتمانی، ادبیات موجود همچنان با پراکندگی مفهومی و فقدان تصویری جامع از مؤلفه های گفتمان خط مشی مواجه است. از این رو، پژوهش با بهره گیری از روش مرور حیطه ای و بررسی منابع علمی، به استخراج مؤلفه های بنیادین گفتمان خط مشی و تبیین سازوکارهای اصلی آن پرداخته است و نقد تحلیلی را نسبت به هر یک از ابعاد شناسایی شده انجام داده است. یافته ها نشان می دهد گفتمان خط مشی صرفاً یک لایه زبانی نیست، بلکه ساز وکار معنا سازی، بازنمایی مسئله، روایت پردازی، سازمان دهی ائتلاف های معنایی، اعمال قدرت و نهادینه سازی را در فرایند خط مشی گذاری بر عهده دارد. گفتمان در بستر زمینه های اجتماعی و نهادی عمل کرده و از طریق ابزارهایی چون قاب بندی، استدلال و کنش گفتمانی، ادراک و تفسیر خط مشی گذاران را شکل می دهد. جمع بندی پژوهش نشان می دهد تحلیل گفتمان خط مشی ابزاری توانمند برای فهم رابطه میان معنا، قدرت و کنش است و می تواند در ارتقای فرآیند تصمیم سازی و توسعه خط مشی های عادلانه تر نقش آفرینی کند.
عنوان مقاله [English]
A Scoping Review of Theories of Discourse in Public Policy
نویسندگان [English]
- Hadi Khanmohamadi 1
- Hamidreza Damiri 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabatabaei University ; Tehran, Iran
2 PhD student in public administration. Public policy making. Faculty of Management and Accounting. Allameh Tabatabaei University.
چکیده [English]
The present study aims to explain and systematize policy discourse. This field has become one of the main streams of policy analysis after the argumentative turn and the expansion of interpretive approaches. Despite the extensive capacities of discourse approaches such as critical discourse analysis, narrative-centric policy, and discursive institutionalism, the existing literature still faces conceptual fragmentation and the lack of a comprehensive picture of the components of policy discourse. Therefore, the study, using the scoping review method and examining scientific sources, has extracted the fundamental components of policy discourse, explained its main mechanisms, and conducted an analytical critique of each identified dimension. The findings show that policy discourse is not merely a linguistic layer but a mechanism for meaning-making, problem representation, narrative construction, the organization of semantic alliances, the exercise of power, and institutionalization in the policymaking process. Discourse operates within social and institutional contexts and shapes policymakers’ perceptions and interpretations through tools such as framing, argumentation, and discursive action. The research concludes that policy discourse analysis is a powerful tool for understanding the relationships among meaning, power, and action and can help improve decision-making and develop more equitable policies.
- سلیمی، ناهید،کاظمی، سیدحسین(1400). گفتمانها و روایتهای خطمشیگذاری عدالتجنسیتی در ایران: واکاوی علل و جهات تکثر برنامهها و خطمشیها،زن در توسعه و سیاست،19(2)،269-304. doi: 10.22059/jwdp.2021.318461.100795
- حسینی، سید کاظم، دانایی فرد، حسن، کاظمی، سید حسین (1402). فهم گفتمانی ظهور و تغییر خطمشی مسکن در برنامههای چهارم و پنجم توسعه کشور، مدیریت دولتی، 15(2)، 293-318. doi: 10.22059/jipa.2023.352545.3262
- قربانی، حسین، عباسی،طیبه،عسگری، ناصر (1404). تحلیل گفتمان بازیگران خط مشی شهرسازی با رویکرد تحلیل گفتمان (مطالعه موردی: استان مازندران به عنوان مقصد گردشگری ایران)،برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگریdoi: 10.22080/jtpd.2025.29751.4020
- Bertrand, A. R., Lyon, M. A., & Jacobsen, R(2024). Narrative spillover: A narrative policy framework analysis of critical race theory discourse at multiple levels. Policy Studies Journal, 52(2), 391-423. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12523
- Cairney, P. (2019). Understanding public policy: Theories and issues (Vol. 2). Bloomsbury Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1111/1478-9302.12016_5
- Durnová, A. (2024). Critical Policy Studies. In Encyclopedia of Public Policy (pp. 1-8). Springer. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783472352.00005
- Fairclough, N. (2013). Critical discourse analysis and critical policy studies. Critical policy studies, 7(2), 177-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2013.798239
- Farrelly, M. (2014). Discourse and democracy: Critical analysis of the language of government. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315777948
- Fischer, F., & Forester, J. (1993). The argumentative turn in policy analysis and planning. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822381815
- Fischer, F., & Gottweis, H. (2013). The argumentative turn in public policy revisited: Twenty years later. Critical policy studies, 7(4), 425-433. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2013.851164
- Gasper, D., & Apthorpe, R. (1996). Introduction: Discourse analysis and policy discourse. https://doi.org/1080/09578819608426650
- Hajer, M. A. (2002). Discourse coalitions and the institutionalization of practice: the case of acid rain in Great Britain. In Argument turn policy anal plan (pp. 51-84). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203499467-4
- Hellman, C. M. E., Monni, M., & Alanko, A. M. (2017). Declaring, shepherding, managing: The welfare state ethos in Finnish government programmes, 1950-2015. Research on Finnish society, 10(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/51815/fjsr.110762
- Hwang, K. (2024). The complex interplay of causal narratives in public policy and political discourse. https://doi.org/24294/jipd.v8i2.3079
- Jacobs, R. N., & Sobieraj, S. (2007). Narrative and legitimacy: US congressional debates about the nonprofit sector. Sociological theory,). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2007.00295
- Jennings, B., Hoppe, R., Hajer, M. A., Forester, J., & Fischer, F. (2013). Discourse Coalitions and the Institutionalization of Practice: The Case of Acid Rain in Great Britain. In The argumentative turn in policy analysis and planning (pp. 43) Duke University Press. https://doi.org/1215/9780822381815-003
- Jones, H. (2009). Policy-making as discourse: a review of recent knowledge-to-policy literature. ODI-IKM Working Paper, 5, 1-37. https://docs.edtechhub.org/lib/85MXGEIF.
- Jones, M. D., & McBeth, M. K. (2010). A narrative policy framework: Clear enough to be wrong? Policy Studies Journal, 38(2), 329-353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2010.00364.x
- Keller, R. (2018). The sociology of knowledge approach to discourse (SKAD). Human studies, 34(1), 43-65. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315170008-2
- Lamb, E. C. (2013). Power and resistance: New methods for analysis across genres in critical discourse analysis. Discourse & Society, 24(3), 334-360. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926512472041
- Leifeld, P. (2016). Discourse Network Analysis. Policy Debates as Dynamic Networks,[w:] JN Victor, AH Montgomery, M. Lubell (red.). In: The Oxford Handbook of Political Networks, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.25
- Leipold, S., Feindt, P. , Winkel, G., & Keller, R. (2019). Discourse analysis of environmental policy revisited: traditions, trends, perspectives. In (Vol. 21, pp. 445-463): Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2019.1660462
- McDermid, P., & Winton, S. (2023). What’s ‘fairness’ got to do with it? Discourse coalitions, arguments, and discursive struggles over public funding of Ontario’s private schools. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 55(3), 341-357. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220620.2022.2137479
- Miller, H. T. (2020). Policy narratives: the perlocutionary agents of political discourse. Critical policy studies, 14(4), 488-501. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2020.1816483
- Montessori, N. M. (2023). Critical policy discourse analysis. In The Routledge handbook of discourse analysis (pp. 610-624). Routledge. https://doi.org/4337/9781788974967
- Mulderrig, J., Montessori, N. M., & Farrelly, M. (2019). Introducing critical policy discourse analysis. In Critical policy discourse analysis (pp. 1-22). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788974967.00006
- Parsons, D. W. (1995). Public policy: An introduction to the theory and practice of policy analysis. https://doi.org/10.1177/014473949601600112
- Rhodes, R., & Bevir, M.(2015) Routledge handbook of interpretive political science. https://doi.org/4324/9781315725314
- Riemann, M. (2023). Studying problematizations: The value of Carol Bacchi’s ‘What’s the problem represented to be?’(WPR) methodology for IR. Alternatives, 48(2), 151-169. https://doi.org/10.1177/03043754231155763
- Schmidt, V. A. (2008). Discursive institutionalism: The explanatory power of ideas and discourse. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci., 11(1), 303-326. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.060606.135342
- Schmidt, V. A. (2010). Taking ideas and discourse seriously: explaining change through discursive institutionalism as the fourth ‘new institutionalism’. European political science review, 2(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1017/S175577390999021X
- Shanahan, E. A., DeLeo, R., Koebele, E. A., Taylor, K., Crow, D. A., Blanch‐Hartigan, D., Albright, E. A., Birkland, T. A., & Minkowitz, H. (2025). Narrative power in the narrative policy framework. Policy Studies Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.70038
- Stauffer, B. (2023). What's the grand story? A macro‐narrative analytical model and the case of Swiss child and adult protection policy. Policy Studies Journal, 51(1), 33-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12465
- Tawell, A., & McCluskey, G. (2022). Utilising Bacchi's what's the problem represented to be?(WPR) approach to analyse national school exclusion policy in England and Scotland: a worked example. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 45(2), 137-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743727x.2021.1976750
- Van Hulst, M., Metze, T., Dewulf, A., De Vries, J., Van Bommel, S., & Van Ostaijen, M. (2025). Discourse, framing and narrative: three ways of doing critical, interpretive policy analysis. Critical policy studies, 19(1), 74-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2024.2326936
- Wagenaar, H. (2022). Deliberative policy analysis. Research methods in deliberative democracy, 423-437. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192848925.003.0029
- White, L. G. (1994). Policy analysis as discourse. Journal of policy analysis and management, 13(3), 506-525. https://doi.org/10.2307/3325389
- Williams, T. T., & Kuzma, J. (2022). Narrative policy framework at the macro level—Cultural theory-based beliefs, science-based narrative strategies, and their uptake in the Canadian policy process for genetically modified salmon. Public Policy and Administration, 37(4), 480-515. https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767211065609
- Yanow, D. (2007). Interpretation in policy analysis: On methods and practice. Critical policy analysis, 1(1), 110-122. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2007.9518511
- Yanow, D., & Schwartz-Shea, (2015). Interpretation and method: Empirical research methods and the interpretive turn. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315703275