نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته مدیریت دولتی موسسه عالی آموزش و پژوهش مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی، تهران، ایران
2 استاد مدیریت دولتی موسسه عالی آموزش و پژوهش مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی، تهران، ایران
3 استادیار مدیریت دولتی، مرکز آموزش دولتی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کیفیت خدمات عمومی ارائه‌شده در دولت و بخش عمومی کشور بقدری ناامید کننده است که استمرار رویه‌های موجود برای مردم امکان‌پذیر نیست. پژوهش پیش‌رو با توجه به این موضوع و با نگاهی به عوارض حرفه‌‌های موجود کشور مانند پزشکی، وکالت و مهندسی ساختمان، بدنبال تدوین چهارچوبی برای حرفه‌ای‌سازی مشاغل مدیریتی در بخش دولتی ایران است.
پژوهش حاضر در زمره پژوهش‌های کاربردی با فلسفه واقع‌گرائی انتقادی، رویکرد استقرایی و استراتژی پژوهش کیفی-کمّی است. در این پژوهش، پس از مطالعه مبانی نظری و پیشینه پژوهشی و پس از اصلاح و تکمیل «اصول»، «فرایند» و «عوامل موثر» برای حرفه‌ای‌سازی مشاغل مدیریتی در بخش دولتی ایران توسط خبرگان دانشگاهی و نخبگان اجرایی کشور، پرسشنامه‌ای با ۷۴ گویه، تهیه و در میان ۶۰۷ مدیر حرفه‌ای (پایه، میانی و ارشد) ۴۰ سازمان‌های دولتی توزیع شد. برای پاسخ به سوال پژوهشی، آمارتوصیفی و سپس آزمون تی-تک‌نمونه‌ای، تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و رگرسیون خطی گام‌به‌گام انجام شد.
براساس یافته‌های تحقیق، مراحل حرفه‌ای‌سازی مشاغل به ترتیب شامل «ایجاد شغل تمام‌وقت»، «برگزاری دوره‌های آموزشگاهی»، «ایجاد رشته دانشگاهی»، «تشکیل انجمن‌های حرفه‌ای محلی و ملی»، «تصویب قانون صدور مجوز فعالیت حرفه‌ای» و «تدوین کدهای اخلاق حرفه‌ای» است. اصول حاکم بر این فرایند نیز مشتمل بر «اقتضائی‌بودن فرایند حرفه‌ای‌سازی»، «داشتن آرمان خدمت»، «شایستگی»، «سلامت اداری»، «حکمرانی مطلوب اسلامی»، «استقلال»، «امنیت» و «محرمانگی اطلاعات راهبردی» است. از میان ۷ عامل موثر شناسایی شده، عوامل «ظرفیت‌های علمی و عملی برای گذر از مشاغل مدیریتی به مدیریت حرفه‌ای» و «شفافیت و پاسخگویی مدیران دولتی» بیشترین تاثیر را بر فرایند حرفه‌ای‌سازی مشاغل مدیریتی در بخش دولتی ایران هستند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Developing a Framework for Professionalization of Managerial jobs in the Iran Public Sector
نویسندگان [English]
- Hesam EzatAbadiPor 1
- Farajollah Rahnavard 2
- Seyed Mohammad Zahedi 3
1 Ph.D. student of Public Administration, Institute for Management and Planning Studies (IMPS), Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor Of Public Administration, Institute for Management and Planning Studies (IMPS), Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor of Public Administration, State Management Training Center, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
The quality of public services provided by the government and the country's public sector is so disappointing that the people can't continue the existing way. Considering this issue and looking at the complications of existing professions in the country such as medicine, law, and construction engineering, the upcoming research seeks to develop a framework for the professionalization of managerial jobs in the public sector of Iran.
The current research is among applied research with the philosophy of critical realism, inductive approach, and qualitative-quantitative research strategy. In this research, after studying the theoretical foundations and research background and after modifying and completing the "principles", "process" and "effective factors" for the professionalization of management jobs in the public sector of Iran by academic experts and executive elites of the country, a questionnaire with 74 questions, prepared and distributed among 607 professional managers (basic, middle and senior) of 40 public organizations.
Descriptive statistics and then one-sample t-test, exploratory factor analysis, and stepwise linear regression were performed to answer the research question. Based on the findings of the research, the stages of professionalization of jobs include "creating a full-time job", "holding school courses", "creating a university course", "establishing local and national professional associations", "passing the law on issuing professional activity licenses" and "drafting codes of Professional ethics". The principles governing this process also include "necessity of the professionalization process", "having the ideal of service", "competence", "administrative health", "ideal Islamic governance", "independence", "security" and "confidentiality of strategic information".
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Professionalism
- professionalization
- public Sector
- principles
- effective factors
- process
- Abbott, A. (1988). The System of Professions: An Essay on the Divition of Expert Labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226000695.
- Becker, H. S. (1970). Sociological Work: Method and Substance. Chicago: Aldine. ISBN: 9780878556304.
- Burk, J. (2002). Expertise, jurisdiction, and legitimacy of the military profession, In The Future of the Army Profession. Matthews, L. J., Ed., McGraw-Hill, 19–38. org/10.1177/0095327X0202900.
- (1989). Professionalism in public administration: Problems, perspectives, and the role of ASPA. Public Administration Review, Vol. 49, No. 1, 1-8. doi:10.2307/977223.
- Drucker, P. F. (2001). The Essential Drucker. New York: HarperBusiness. ISBN: 9780750685061.
- Freidson, E. (1983). The theory of the professions: the state of the art. The Sociology of the Professions: Lawyers, Doctors and Others, 19–37. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-16979-5_2.
- Hampton, G. M., & Hampton, D. L. (2004). Relationship of professionalism, rewards, market orientation and job satisfaction among medical professionals: The case of Certified Nurse–Midwives. Journal of Business Research, 57(9), 1042-1053. org/10.1016/S0148-2963(02)00356-9.
- Haugh, M. R., & Sussman, M. B. (1969). Professional autonomy and the revolt of the client. 17, 153-161. org/10.2307/799862.
- Hillson, D. (2003). Defining Professionalism In Risk Management. Petersfield. https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/defining-professionalism-risk-management-7791
- Hugman, R. (1991). Powr In Caring Professions. Hampshire: The Macmillan Press LTD. ISBN:978-0333498552
- Khurana, R. (2007). From Higher Aims to Hired Hands: The Social Transformation of American Business Schools and the Unfulfilled Promise of Management as a Profession. Princeton University Press. ISBN:9780691145877.
- Khurana, R., Nohria, N., & Penrice, D. (2005). Management as a profession. Restoring Trust in American Business. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55923 .
- Laski, H. J. (1935). The Decline of the Professions. Harper’s Magazine, 171, 676-685. https://harpers.org/archive/1935/11/the-decline-of-the-professions/
- Lawshe, C. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
- Linda, E. (2008) Professionalism, professionality and the development of education professionals. British Journal of Educational Studies, 56 (1), 20-38. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20479569
- McGuingan, G. S. (2011). Crisis of professionalism in public services: Addressing challenges to librarianship from a public administration perspective. 60(7), 560-574. ISBN: 0024-2535.
- Merriam-Webster's dictionary of English usage. (2023). Springfield, Mass: Merriam-Webster, Inc.,
- Mintzberg, H. (2004). Managers not MBAs: A Hard Look at the Soft Practice of Managing and Management Development, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler. ISBN: 1576752755, 9781576752753.
- Nolin, J. (2008). Science for The Professions: In Search of a New Theory of Professions. Report no. 4. 277104757.
- Nunnally, J.C. (1978), Psychometric Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. ISBN: 978-0070478497
- (2022). Meaning of principle in English. Retrieved from Dictionary Of Oxford. 98887
- Parsons, T. (1939). The professions and social structure (Vol. 17). Social Forces. https://doi.org/10.2307/2570695
- Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students. Essex: Financial Times,Prentice Hall. ISBN:978-1292016627.
- Scott, W. R. (1981). Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems. Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs. ISBN:978-0130165596.
- Sundar, K. (2013). Principles of Management: for Anna University. Vijay Nicole. ISBN:978-8182094130.
- The World Bank. (2020). IBRD.IDA. TCdata360: https://tcdata360.worldbank.org/
- Toren, N. (1975). Deprofessionalization And Its Sources A Preliminary Analysis. Vol. 2 No. 4. doi:10.1177/073088847500200402
- Wilensky, H. L. (1964). The Professionalization of Everyone? American Journal of Sociology, The University of Chicago Press, Vol. 70, No. 2 (Sep., 1964), pp. 137-158 (22 pages) . https://www.jstor.org/stable/2775206
- Pourezat, A., Taheri-Attar, G., & Nejati-Ajibisheh, M. (1388). The perspective of government administration and governance based on the policies and strategic documents of some scientific associations in this field. Journal of Public Management, Volume 2, Number 4, Spring and Summer, 23-38. https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20120329174151-8009-6.pdf ]In Persian]
- Tamtaji, M., & Rezaei, T. (1393). Review and analysis of changes in the ISO/IEC 27001: 2013 standard and presentation of the transfer model. Scientific-Promotional Quarterly of Standard and Quality Management, 1-4(10-11). https://www.jstandardization.ir/article_79960_97ec806f21a281fb035d64d6041be368.pdf [In Persian]
- Hafeznia, M. (1401). An introduction to research methods in humanities. Tehran: Organization for Studying and Compiling Academic Books in Islamic and Human Sciences, SAMT. ISBN:978-964-530-438-4.[In Persian]
- Danai Fard, H., Elwani, S., & Azar, A. (1391). Qualitative research methodology in management: a comprehensive approach. Tehran: Saffar. ISBN 9789643883164.[In Persian]
- Zarei, B., Ahmadi, S., Pishgahi, Z., & Abedi-Darche, M. (2019). Investigating the relationship between the supreme governance model and national authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Political Geography Research Journal, 2(18). doi:org/10.22067/pg.v5i2.2012-1010. [In Persian]
- Asmipour, M. (1372). Designing and explaining the selection and appointment systems of managers in the executive sector of the country with the aim of improving government management. Faculty of Management, University of Tehran. https://journals.ut.ac.ir/article_15767.html [In Persian]
- Qolipour, R. (2012). Challenges of the administrative system: a case study of Iran (Vol. 2nd edition). Tehran: Tehran University Press. 9789640394953.[In Persian]
- Mortazavi, M., & Zarepour, F. (1390). Professionalism in management. Tehran: Government Management Training Center. 9786009240296.[In persian]
- Hashemabadi, M., Mirkamali, S., & Pourkarimi, J. (2015). A study of the professionalism of Tehran University faculty members in the second half of the academic year 2014-2015. Iranian Journal of Higher Education, Volume 9, Number 2, 51-80. 1001.1.20088000.1396.9.2.3.1.[In Persian]
)